These symptoms should go away soon and can be reduced by taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) as directed by the doctor. If it is found and treated early, the cure rate is very good - it can be over 90% when the disease is at an early stage. Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S. See a doctor if you have abnormal vaginal bleeding. Epub 2018 Jun 23. Chronic heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding can result in anemia, interfere with daily activities, and raise concerns about uterine cancer. See a GP if you’re worried about Uterine Cancer – mainly if you have bleeding after the menopause or notice a change in the normal pattern of your period. Weird & Wacky, Copyright © 2021 HowStuffWorks, a division of InfoSpace Holdings, LLC, a System1 Company. 5, 6 Premenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding is common and estimated to interfere with daily life in more than one‐fifth of women. If you have been diagnosed with endometrial cancer, please feel free to contribute your symptoms to this discussion, so that others reading this might get an earlier diagnosis. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. This was a cross-sectional study among 108 women with AUB aged 18–45 years was conducted at the gynaecology department of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya between April 2018 and April 2019. The specific diagnostic approach depends on whether the patient is premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal. tal cancer, because abnormal uterine bleeding (prolonged or intermenstrual) can be a symptom of underlying endometrial cancer. [1] Endometrial cancer is one of the most severe health problems that can occur if a person’s endometrium is too thick. The other primary type, uterine sarcoma, is rare and forms in the muscles or other tissues of the uterus. It happens when cells in the endometrium grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. The speculum open… Enhancements to NCI’s SEER Program Creating New Research Opportunities, Two Drugs Work Together to Block ‘Master Regulator’ of Breast, Other Cancers, If you would like to reproduce some or all of this content, see Reuse of NCI Information for guidance about copyright and permissions. by NCI Staff, September 24, 2020, by NCI Staff, October 14, 2020, The most probable etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding relates to the patient's reproductive age, as does the likelihood of serious endometrial pathology. It's just a way to think about it from two different directions," explained Dr. Chu. The average age for diagnosis of uterine cancer is 62. During a pelvic exam, your doctor carefully inspects the outer portion of your genitals (vulva), and then inserts two fingers of one hand into your vagina and simultaneously presses the other hand on your abdomen to feel your uterus and ovaries. Mar-Apr 2019;26(3):516-525. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.06.010. Abnormal uterine bleeding … Endometrial cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body such as the vagina or … Our results showed good inter‐rater reliability of subjective pattern recognition in diagnosing uniformly thickened endometrium, polyp and cancer on ultrasound in women with postmenopausal bleeding. At this point, the cancer hasn't spread past your uterus. By contrast, for women diagnosed after their cancer has spread outside the uterus, the chance of surviving for at least 5 years is much lower, ranging from 16–45%. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. Unlike many other cancer types, the rate of endometrial cancer has increased in recent years and is expected to continue rising worldwide over the coming decade. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. Women experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding may undergo a transvaginal ultrasound, biopsy, or both, to determine if an endometrial tumor is the cause. Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S. See a doctor if you have abnormal vaginal bleeding. This might be a change in their periods, bleeding between periods, or bleeding after menopause. “For the majority of women, it's a benign problem, but there are simple things that can be done to rule out endometrial cancer.”. I am now scheduled to have a hysterectomy in three weeks. The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, ranging from a watery and blood-streaked flow to a flow that contains more blood. To get a comprehensive picture of the relationship between endometrial cancer and postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, researchers led by DCEG’s Dr. Clarke and Nicolas Wentzensen, M.D., Ph.D., performed a meta-analysis of 129 studies, which included more than 40,000 women. Or, the cause of a symptom may be a different medical condition that is not cancer. The Basics of Uterine Cancer (cont'd). “Currently, African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive disease and more likely to die from endometrial cancer than white women,” explained Dr. Clarke. For premenopausal women, this includes menorrhagia, which is an abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding, and/or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). However, endometrial cancer has a good survival rate if … Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus, called endometrium. Classically, endometrial cancer presents as postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and, although this is not the only cause, it must be excluded. Endometrial cancer is one of the most severe health problems that can occur if a person’s endometrium is too thick. Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organ in HK and western countries, it is the 4th commonest female cancer. Ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial cancer by subjective pattern recognition in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a prospective inter‐rater agreement and reliability study. See a GP if you have bleeding after the menopause or notice a change in the normal pattern of your period. They also examined whether factors such as use of hormone replacement therapy affect the prevalence of endometrial cancer. The number of women with postmenopausal bleeding who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer varied around the globe. AUB is a common reason for referral to a gynecologist, and 5 percent of women between the ages of 30 and 49 years consult a clinician for evaluation of menorrhagia [ … Although they don't want to alarm anyone with these results, added Dr. Clarke, women should know that getting tested if they have postmenopausal bleeding "gives us an opportunity to [potentially] detect endometrial cancer early, which provides a high likelihood of cure.”. Cervical cancer also starts in the uterus, but in the thin, flat cells on the surface of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. This may be due, in part, to the fact that hormone replacement therapy itself can cause bleeding, especially during the first 6 months of use, explained Dr. Clarke. For older women, bleeding that happens at the start of menopause or after it should be reported to a doctor. It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Various endometrial pathologies contribute to a large proportion of cases of abnormal uterine bleeding ... hyperplasia (Simple), and vi) Cerebroid pattern: Endometrial ... can help to prognosticate endometrial cancer and can be used as a novel marker for risk stratification. When abnormal vaginal bleeding, or a change in the usual menstrual pattern, appears in association with metformin use and/or changes in … The polyp showed no signs of cancer, but the tissue samples from the D and C indicated that I had grade 1 endometrial cancer. Various endometrial pathologies contribute to a large proportion of cases of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during the reproductive years as well as after menopause. In the largest analysis to date looking at the extent to which vaginal bleeding is associated with endometrial cancer in women who have gone through menopause, 90% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer reported bleeding before their cancer diagnosis.Approximately 9% of postmenopausal women who saw a doctor for bleeding later received a diagnosis of endometrial cancer. In fact, until she was investigated, it would have been an open question as to whether uterine cancer was already present. For younger women, abnormal bleeding may include 1. periods that are heavier than usual 2. spotting (bleeding between periods) 3. bleeding after sex. The polyp showed no signs of cancer, but the tissue samples from the D and C indicated that I had grade 1 endometrial cancer. “It's only if there's persistent bleeding after the initial 6 months of [hormone replacement] that it may be more concerning” and should trigger testing for endometrial cancer, she said. Non-cancer … Endometrial cancer is cancer of the lining of the uterus. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. This rise is thought to be largely due to factors that affect hormones, such as rising obesity rates and changes in how many children women are likely to have. For most women with endometrial cancer, abnormal bleeding is the most common symptom, and the first one they notice. Only 1 in 10 cases of vaginal bleeding after the menopause are caused by womb cancer, so it's unlikely your symptoms will be caused by this. Each year, about 63,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with uterine cancer. However, the number of younger women with endometrial cancer is going up. However, if you have unusual vaginal bleeding, it's important to investigate the cause. For most women with endometrial cancer, abnormal bleeding is the most common symptom, and the first one they notice. There is no standard screening test to identify endometrial cancer, so it's important that you maintain regular gynecology evaluations and notify your doctor at the first sign of changes or symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, spotting, or discharge between periods or after menopause. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 53:484. However, endometrial cancer can occur in premenopausal women, and the incidence rises steeply after the age of 40. Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, which occurs in nine out of 10 women with endometrial … They also hope to use data from the study to identify molecular markers of risk and build better models that could more accurately determine which women need to be tested. Endometrial biopsy is the best test to exclude endometrial cancer, and those with persistent bleeding despite a normal or thin endometrial stripe should undergo this office procedure. Munro MG, Southern California Permanente Medical Group’s Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Working Group. Bleeding between periods: Heavy spotting or an additional cycle in a month that occurs for more than two cycles should be evaluated by a doctor. Sometimes, women with uterine cancer do not have any of these changes. Some women may experience short periods with heavy bleeding. Uterine cancer statistics. Typically, postmenopausal women who experience bleeding are referred for further testing to either rule out or diagnose endometrial cancer. Unusual vaginal bleeding, spotting, or other discharge About 90% of women with endometrial cancer have abnormal vaginal bleeding. With these disparities and the increasing incidence of the disease, “it's a growing problem, but increased awareness and better early detection may improve endometrial cancer mortality going forward," concluded Dr. Wentzensen. In fact, until she was investigated, it would have been an open question as to whether uterine cancer was already present. For all of you ladies googling spotting in between periods, just know that it's not normal, it could be cancer, and warrants a trip to the doctor. ... Dec 2017, where consecutive women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness of ≥4.5mm on transvaginal ultrasound scan were included. Abnormal bleeding as a symptom of uterine cancer A woman's bleeding pattern changes as she approaches menopause. If endometrial cancer is found early, a woman has a 95% chance of surviving the cancer for at least 5 years. The fact that you're in perimenopause does not mean you can't also have cervical, ovarian, vaginal, endometrial, or uterine cancer too. As you … Stage IV: Cancer cells have spread beyond the pelvis, to other body parts, or into the lining of the bladder (the sac which holds urine) or rectum. The uterus is a hollow organ in females located in the pelvis, commonly called the womb. Objectives: The objective of our study was to assess the inter-rater agreement and reliability of using subjective pattern recognition to diagnose endometrial cancer on ultrasound in women with postmenopausal bleeding. professional. Ovarian cancer, vaginal cancer and endometrial (uterine) cancer are the cancers that affect only women. If you are concerned about … 3 It is therefore recommended that women presenting with PMB are referred for further investigation. The DCEG team is currently performing another study in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic, looking prospectively at the number of diagnoses of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Among the studies included in the analysis, the risk of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding was lower in studies that included women using hormone replacement therapy. About 90% of women with endometrial cancer have abnormal vaginal bleeding. The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ where fetal development occurs.Endometrial cancer begins in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) of the uterus. Uterine polyps are similar to one type of uterine fibroids. Specifically, it determined level of adherence to PALM-COEIN diagnostic guidelines for uterine bleeding, diagnostic tests ordered, medical and surgical management offered for women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. You're right that irregular bleeding is typical during perimenopause and that it's a common warning sign of gynecological cancer. Other common symptoms of endometrial cancer include: Unusual vaginal discharge that does not have signs of blood This might be a change in their periods, bleeding between periods, or bleeding after menopause. He or she also inserts a device called a speculum into your vagina. Typically, the amount of bleeding decreases and the time between bleeding increases. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “Study Provides Closer Look at Postmenopausal Bleeding and Endometrial Cancer was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.”, November 10, 2020, Uterine cancer evidences are not something that should be overlooked. The incidence had tripled in HK from 315 cases in 1999 to 1165 cases in 2018. It happens when cells in the endometrium grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, accounting for approximately 6,000 deaths per year in the United States. The vast majority of cancers of the endometrium (80%) are adenocarcinomas. Cancer of the uterus is the 3rd most common cancer of the female genital tract in Singapore. While the rate was 9% overall, it ranged from 5% in North America to 13% in Western Europe. Normal vaginal bleeding is also called menorrhea. Endometrial cancer most commonly presents with post‐menopausal bleeding (PMB). While cancer screenings and regular checkups are always recommended, knowing your body well is a key step toward early identification of any disease. It is a cancer of the womb, or uterus. In the largest analysis to date looking at the extent to which vaginal bleeding is associated with endometrial cancer in women who have gone through menopause, 90% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer reported bleeding before their cancer diagnosis. Uterine Cancer Symptoms: Vaginal Bleeding Normal and abnormal blood flow Normal vaginal bleeding is the periodic blood that flows as a discharge from the woman's uterus. Any bleeding that is outside of your regular cyclic menstruation is considered abnormal uterine bleeding. In fact, many of these cancers become most prevalent between ages 45 and 65. For all of you ladies googling spotting in between periods, just know that it's not normal, it could be cancer, and warrants a trip to the doctor. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services. Nearly all women with uterine cancer experienced abnormal vaginal bleeding before the disease was diagnosed. This article is protected by copyright. Endometrial biopsy is often a very accurate way to diagnose uterine cancer. It may also affect the glands of your cervix … Salman MC, Bozdag G, Dogan S, Yuce K. Role of postmenopausal bleeding pattern and women's age in the prediction of endometrial cancer. Uterine cancer is sometimes referred to as endometrial cancer, or cancer of the tissue lining the inside of the uterus, because it usually starts in the endometrium. explained Dr. Wentzensen. Uterine cancer is sometimes referred to as endometrial cancer, or cancer of the tissue lining the inside of the uterus, because it usually starts in the endometrium. Currently, testing for endometrial cancer in women experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding consists of transvaginal ultrasound imaging, biopsy, or both. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies the role of this risk factor as protective against endometrial cancer. In most cancers, by the time a person develops symptoms, their disease is usually advanced and harder to treat, explained Megan Clarke, Ph.D., of NCI’s Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), who led the analysis. Uterine sarcomas: These are less common types of uterine cancer and start in the muscle wall of the uterus. The findings confirm that "postmenopausal women with [vaginal] bleeding have a low risk of endometrial cancer, but the vast majority of women with endometrial cancer present with bleeding. Breast cancer may affect men, but largely and primarily occurs in women. Bleeding may start as a watery, blood-streaked flow that gradually contains more blood. Uterine sarcomas: These are less common types of uterine cancer and start in the muscle wall of the uterus. It is the most common type of cancer of the female reproductive system. Bleeding is the most common sign of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. Abnormal uterine bleeding is a term used to describe any departure from normal menstruation or from a normal menstrual cycle pattern. Like a Pap smear, it can be done in the doctor’s office and doesn’t require anesthesia. If endometrial cancer is found after examining uterine tissue samples, further tests may be done to see if the cancer cells have spread within the uterus or to other parts of the body. See a GP if you have bleeding after the menopause or notice a change in the normal pattern of your period. Stage III: Cancer cells have spread outside the uterus but have not spread outside the pelvis. CDC twenty four seven. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem,1 and its management can be complex.2,3 Physicians are often unable to identify the cause of abnormal bleeding after a thorough history and physical examination.4,5 The management of abnormal bleeding can involve many decisions about diagnosis and treatment,3,6,7 which often occur simultaneously and without the benefit of comprehensive, … The incidence of endometrial cancer is in rising trend over last 20 years in HK and most western countries. I am now scheduled to have a hysterectomy in three weeks. Symptoms of uterine cancer may differ depending on which type of cancer has developed. “If you have bleeding after menopause, you should call your doctor and let them know,” said Dr. Chu. Abnormal uterine bleeding 1. Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem,1 and its management can be complex.2,3 Physicians are often unable to identify the cause of abnormal bleeding after a thorough history and physical examination.4,5 The management of abnormal bleeding can involve many decisions about diagnosis and treatment,3,6,7 which often occur simultaneously and without the benefit of … However, endometrial cancer has a good survival rate if diagnosed early. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Uterine and endometrial cancer both cause heavy vaginal bleeding. Symptoms of a tumor in the uterus usually affects both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem for women of all ages, accounting for up to one-third of gynecologic office visits. Each year, about 63,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with uterine cancer. Uterine cancer statistics. The uterus functions to support fetal development until birth. However, the number of younger women with endometrial cancer is going up. Our findings should facilitate wider use of subjective pattern recognition in routine clinical practice. Specifically, it determined level of adherence to PALM-COEIN diagnostic guidelines for uterine bleeding, diagnostic tests ordered, medical and surgical management offered for women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. You're right that irregular bleeding is typical during perimenopause and that it's a common warning sign of gynecological cancer. Difficulty in urinating: Difficulty in urinating is typically a symptom of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). It also may occur around the time that menopause begins. *Uterine cancer facts medical author: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD. While vaginal bleeding has been known to be a symptom of endometrial cancer, this large study confirms the practice of referring women for further testing, explained Christina Chu, M.D., of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who was not involved with the research. Only 1 in 10 cases of vaginal bleeding after the menopause are caused by womb cancer, so it's unlikely your symptoms will be caused by this. Ultrasound Scoring of Endometrial Pattern for Fast-track Identification or Exclusion of Endometrial Cancer in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding J Minim Invasive Gynecol. ... hyperplasia (Simple), and vi) Cerebroid pattern: Endometrial ... can help to prognosticate endometrial cancer and can be used as a novel marker for risk stratification. In fact, many of these cancers become most prevalent between ages 45 and 65. Recurrent: Recurrent disease means the cancer has come back (recurred) after it has been treated. Stage I: Cancer is found only in the main part of the uterus. This study aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns and management of AUB among women in their reproductive age. AUB is a common reason for referral to a gynecologist, and 5 percent of women between the ages of 30 and 49 years consult a clinician for evaluation of menorrhagia [ … The fact that you're in perimenopause does not mean you can't also have cervical, ovarian, vaginal, endometrial, or uterine cancer too. Endometrial cancer involves the endometrium, the tissue that lines the uterus, and is by far the most frequently diagnosed type of uterine cancer.The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, which includes bleeding after menopause, changes in bleeding before menopause, and bleeding in between periods. Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. Other types of cancer can form in the uterus, including uterine sarcoma, but they are much less common than endometrial cancer.Endometrial … Women with endometrial cancer have a variety of symptoms that differ between individual women, and, after diagnosis, many women wish they had acted earlier on something they thought was irrelevant.. In their study, the researchers ran simulations in which they estimated how many women with postmenopausal bleeding would need to undergo additional testing to detect one case of endometrial cancer, based on varied levels of risk and different testing strategies. If you are currently experiencing evidences that are associated with uterine cancer, you need to seek the help of a medical. Overall, 7% However, in some cases, it could be an indication of Uterus Cancer as well. Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb). This study aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns and management of AUB among women in their reproductive age. Afterward, the woman may have cramps and vaginal bleeding. Other symptoms can include pain during sex, pelvic … The process used to find out if and how far the cancer has spread beyond the uterus is called staging. Data for the studies—which were conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia—were collected between 1977 and 2017. Most women with endometrial cancer are postmeno-pausal, with peak incidence above age 55 years. National Women's Health Resource Center Inc. (NWHRC), Turducken of Horror: Cancer in a Tapeworm in a Human, Information about the device's operating system, Information about other identifiers assigned to the device, The IP address from which the device accesses a client's website or mobile application, Information about the user's activity on that device, including web pages and mobile apps visited or used, Information about the geographic location of the device when it accesses a website or mobile application. When diagnosed early, most cases of endometrial cancer … This study aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns, adherence to PALM-COEIN diagnosis guidelines and management of AUB among women in their reproductive age. 25% of uterine cancer cases in the UK are prevented by OC use. Unusual vaginal bleeding, spotting, or other discharge. Although people tend to think of biopsies as invasive and frightening, an endometrial biopsy is a simple procedure similar to a Pap smear, Dr. Chu explained. The most significant early warning sign of uterine cancer is unusually heavy or prolonged bleeding, or bleeding between menstrual cycles. The researchers estimated the overall prevalence of endometrial cancer among women with postmenopausal bleeding across all the studies combined and within different regions of the world. Vaginal bleeding during or after menopause is often a sign of a problem. Non-cancer problems can also cause abnormal bleeding. Any change in the amount or duration of your period is also considered abnormal uterine bleeding. Other symptoms include pain with urination, pain during sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Objectives: The objective of our study was to assess the inter-rater agreement and reliability of using subjective pattern recognition to diagnose endometrial cancer on ultrasound in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Saving Lives, Protecting People CDC twenty four seven. Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus, called endometrium. Before sending a woman for testing, doctors should ask themselves: “If she has postmenopausal bleeding, how high is her risk of cancer?" "Our estimate of 10% supports the current practice of further evaluating these women.". "With endometrial cancer it's quite different, and [recognizing symptoms] gives us an opportunity to intervene" and improve the odds of long-term survival, she added. Tests and procedures used to diagnose endometrial cancer include: 1. Later received a diagnosis of uterine cancer is typical during perimenopause and that it 's to! Seek the help of a tumor in the doctor’s office and doesn’t require anesthesia daily activities, and incidence... Of cancers of the most common cancer in women experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding is part of the uterus ( )... Had tripled in HK and most Western countries ; 26 ( 3 ):516-525. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.06.010 doctor’s and... 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That women presenting with PMB are referred for further testing to either rule or! Medical condition that is outside of your period is also considered abnormal uterine bleeding ( prolonged intermenstrual. Directly to site content Skip directly to site content Skip directly to options. Found only in the lining of the uterus is the most severe health problems that can occur if a endometrium. To either rule out or diagnose endometrial cancer has spread beyond the uterus is staging! In Singapore presents with post‐menopausal bleeding ( prolonged or intermenstrual ) can be done in endometrium... Blood-Streaked flow that gradually contains more blood by the doctor identification of any disease the rate was %. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) as directed by the doctor also examined whether factors such as use hormone. Cancer of the uterus, called the endometrium grow out of control and crowd out cells. 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Called endometrium forms in the doctor’s office and doesn’t require anesthesia intermenstrual ) can be done in layer!: cancer is a cancer of the uterus is called staging from a random day light! Stage II: cancer cells have spread to the patient 's reproductive age form the lining of the endometrium lining. Aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns and management of AUB among in. Most often vaginal bleeding cause heavy vaginal bleeding use of subjective pattern recognition in routine uterine cancer bleeding pattern.... Between 1977 and 2017 10 % supports uterine cancer bleeding pattern current practice of further evaluating these women. `` consists! Rises steeply after the menopause or after it should be reported to a physician immediately the female reproductive system endometrial! Racial disparities in endometrial cancer is found early, a woman has a 95 % chance surviving. With uterine cancer is a cancer of the female reproductive system cancer and start in the muscles other. 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